In Vitro Analysis of the Effectiveness of Tinospora crispa L. Plant Against Plasmodium falciparum FCR3

Abstrak

Tanaman Tinospora crispa L. yang biasa disebut tanaman Penawar sampai oleh masyarakat Kalimantan Tengah. Tanaman tersebut dimanfaatkan sebagai obat malaria dengan cara batang T. crispa di rebus kemudian air rebusan diminum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan beberapa senyawa biokimia dan mengevaluasi aktivitas antimalaria ekstrak etanol tanaman tersebut terhadap Plasmodium falciparum FCR3 secara in vitro. Serbuk kering batang T. crispa diekstraksi dengan teknik maserasi dengan pelarut etanol. Kemudian ekstrak kental yang diperoleh dilanjutkan dengan metode skrining fitokimia untuk mempelajari komponen senyawa aktif yang terdapat pada sampel tersebut.  Sebelum dilakukan uji aktivitas antimalaria, parasite P. falciparum FCR3 telebih dahulu dibiakkan dengan metode Trager dan Jensen. Ekstrak yang akan dilakukan uji, dilarutkan terlebih dahulu dengan DMSO  dan dimasukkan ke dalam microwell kemudian ditambahkan 500 μL suspensi parasit sehingga didapatkan konsentrasi bahan uji sebesar 100, 10, 1, 0,1, dan 0,01 μg/mL dan diinkubasi 48 jam. Untuk mengamati persen parasitemia dibuat preparat hapusan darah dengan pewarnaan Giemsa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengolahan data dengan analisis probit, didapatkan ekstrak etanol batang tanaman Penawar sampai memiliki aktivitas antimalaria pada kosentrasi 10 μg/mL. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak etanol batang tanaman tersebut mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, Fenolik, tanin, steroid, dan saponin. Kata Kunci: Fitokimia, In vitro, P. falciparum, Malaria, Penawar Sampai The Tinospora crispa L. plant, commonly called the Penawar sampai plant, has reached the people of Central Kalimantan. The plant is used as a malaria medicine by boiling the stems of T. crispa and then drinking the boiled water. This study aims to identify the presence of several biochemical compounds and evaluate the antimalarial activity of ethanol extracts of these plants against Plasmodium falciparum FCR3 in vitro. The dry powder of T. crispa stems was prepared. The extract was obtained by the maceration technique using ethanol as the solvent. Then, the viscous extract obtained was continued with the phytochemical screening method to study the components of the active compounds contained in the sample. Before conducting antimalarial activity tests, the parasite P. falciparum FCR3 was first bred by the Trager and Jensen methods. The extract to be tested was first dissolved with DMSO and put into a microwell, then 500 μL of parasite suspension was added so that concentrations of 100, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 μg/mL were obtained and incubated for 48 hours. To observe the percentage of parasitemia, blood smear preparations were made using Giemsa staining. Based on the results of the research and data processing with probit analysis, the ethanol extract of the Penawar sampai plant stems was shown to have antimalarial activity at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. The results of the phytochemical tests showed that the ethanol extract of the plant stem contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, steroids, and saponins.