The Practice of Home Medication Review (HMR) by Community Pharmacists: a Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v11i2.17878Kata Kunci:
Drug-Related Problems, Community Pharmacy, Interprofessional Collaboration, Clinical Pharmacy, Home MedicationAbstrak
Praktik farmasi klinik yang berkolaborasi dengan petugas kesehatan lain di tingkat komunitas masih terbatas. HMR bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan pasien dan meningkatkan kualitas pengobatan melalui kolaborasi perawatan kesehatan. Home Medication Review (HMR) merupakan pelayanan kesehatan di rumah yang mengoptimalkan pelayanan kesehatan pasien serta penggunaan dan pengelolaan obat setelah tidak adanya pemantauan langsung dari petugas kesehatan. HMR dilakukan secara kolaboratif oleh dokter umum dan apoteker di Puskesmas. Artikel review ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran rinci mengenai praktik HMR oleh apoteker komunitas yang mencakup tujuan, tahapan, durasi, dan manfaat HMR serta karakteristik demografi pasien. Review tersebut meliputi artikel penelitian yang dipublikasikan selama tahun 2013 – 2023. Artikel tersebut didapat melalui PubMed dengan kata kunci “(Home Medication Review) DAN (Home Medicine Review)â€. Artikel berbahasa Inggris dimasukkan, diekstraksi, dan disajikan dalam sebuah tabel. Empat belas artikel relevan menggambarkan praktik HMR yang melibatkan intervensi apoteker, termasuk rujukan ke dokter umum, untuk mengidentifikasi Masalah Terkait Obat (DRPs), mengoptimalkan pengobatan, meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan, dan studi farmakoekonomi. Pasien berusia 18 tahun hingga lanjut usia berasal dari klinik dan fasilitas kesehatan primer atau di panti jompo. HMR juga diberikan kepada pasien dengan satu atau lebih penyakit kronis yang diobati dengan beberapa obat. HMR berlangsung selama 3–18 bulan dengan tahapan persiapan, identifikasi pasien, persetujuan dokter dan pasien, pencatatan data pasien, penilaian awal, kunjungan rumah, identifikasi masalah, intervensi, penilaian akhir, dan laporan HMR. HMR secara signifikan mengurangi kejadian DRP, meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan, meningkatkan hasil terapi, meningkatkan pengetahuan, meningkatkan status kesehatan, dan meningkatkan kolaborasi apoteker-dokter. HMR meningkatkan peran apoteker dalam layanan farmasi klinis kolaboratif di masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Masalah Pengobatan, Apoteker Komunitas, Kolaborasi Interprofesional, Farmasi Klinik, Pelayanan KesehatanClinical pharmacy practices in collaboration with other health workers at the community level remain limited. Home Medication Review (HMR) is a home health service that optimizes patient health care and drug use and management after no direct monitoring from health workers. HMR is collaboratively performed by general practitioners and pharmacists of primary health care. HMR aimed to improve patient health and enhance the quality of medication through healthcare collaboration.This review article aims to provide a detailed description of HMR practice by community pharmacists that includes the purpose, stages, duration, and benefits of HMR and patients’ demographic characteristics. The review includes the research articles published during 2013 - 2023. The articles were searched via PubMed with the keywords "(Home Medication Review) AND (Home Medicine Review)". English articles were included, extracted, and presented in a table. Fourteen relevant articles described the practice of HMR involving pharmacist intervention, including referrals to general practitioners, for identifying Drug-Related Problems (DRPs), optimizing treatment, improving medication adherence, and pharmacoeconomic studies. Patients aged 18 years to elderly are from clinics and primary health facilities or in nursing homes. HMR is also provided for patients with one or more chronic diseases treated with several drugs. HMR lasts for 3 – 18 months with stages of preparation, patient identification, doctor and patient agreement, patient data recording, initial assessment, home visit, problem identification, intervention, final assessment, and HMR report. HMR significantly reduces DRP incidence, increases medication adherence, improves therapeutic outcomes, increases knowledge, improves health status, and increases pharmacist-doctor collaboration. HMR enhances pharmacists’ role in collaborative clinical pharmacy services in the community.Referensi
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