Optimasi Pelarut dalam Proses Ekstraksi Daun Teh-Tehan (Acalypha Siamensis) dengan Menggunakan Metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v10i2.15046Kata Kunci:
Optimization, Simplex Lattice Design, Yield, Total Flavonoids, AntioxidantsAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan komposisi pelarut dalam proses ekstraksi daun Acalypha siamensis guna mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal dalam hal rendemen total, kadar flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Daun A. siamensis, yang mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan alkaloid, dievaluasi untuk aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan. Dalam penelitian ini, metanol, aseton, dan akuades digunakan sebagai pelarut. Metode Simplex Lattice Design dengan aplikasi Design Expert 12 Trial Version digunakan untuk menentukan perbandingan komposisi pelarut yang tepat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan pelarut metanol:aseton:akuades (0:0,5:0,5) menghasilkan rendemen ekstrak terbesar, yaitu 24,97%. Pengukuran kadar flavonoid total menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pelarut metanol:aseton:akuades (1:0:0) menghasilkan kadar flavonoid total tertinggi, yaitu 453,27 miligram kuersetin ekivalen per gram ekstrak. Selanjutnya, hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa pelarut metanol:aseton:akuades (0:1:0) menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan paling tinggi, yaitu 81,22 ppm. Analisis menggunakan Simplex Lattice Design menunjukkan bahwa komposisi pelarut yang optimal dalam proses ekstraksi daun A. siamensis adalah metanol:aseton:akuades (0:69,28:30,72). Dalam kondisi ini, diperoleh hasil total flavonoid sebesar 296,64 miligram kuersetin ekivalen per gram ekstrak, rendemen sebesar 20,00%, dan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 91,79 ppm. Kata Kunci: Optimasi, Simplex Lattice Design, Rendemen, Flavonoid Total, Antioksidan The objective of this study was to optimize the solvent composition for the extraction of Acalypha siamensis leaves to achieve maximum yield, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. A. siamensis leaves, which contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, were evaluated for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Methanol, acetone, and water were used as solvents. The Simplex Lattice Design method with Design Expert 12 Trial Version was employed to determine the appropriate solvent ratios. The findings demonstrated that the highest extract yield (24.97%) was obtained using a solvent mixture of methanol:acetone:water (0:0.5:0.5). The measurement of total flavonoid content revealed the highest level (453.27 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram of extract) with a solvent composition of methanol:acetone:water (1:0:0). Moreover, the antioxidant activity test indicated the highest activity (81.22 ppm) when using a solvent composition of methanol:acetone:water (0:1:0). The analysis using Simplex Lattice Design determined the optimal solvent composition for A. siamensis leaf extraction as methanol:acetone:water (0:69.28:30.72), resulting in a total flavonoid content of 296.64 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram of extract, a yield of 20.00%, and an antioxidant activity of 91.79 ppm.Referensi
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