Aktivitas Rimpang Temulawak sebagai Antibakteri Berdasarkan Lokasi Tumbuhnya: Narrative Review

Penulis

  • Catur Aryanto Rahman
  • Djoko Santosa
  • Purwanto Purwanto Fakultas Farmasi UGM

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v9i2.14007

Kata Kunci:

Curcuma zanthorriza, Antibacterial, Growth Location, Chemical Compound

Abstrak

Temulawak (Curcuma zanthorriza Roxb.) merupakan salah satu spesies tanaman dari keluarga Zingiberaceae yang mempunyai banyak efek farmakologi yang salah satunya adalah  antibakteri. Aktivitas farmakologis tanaman ditentukan oleh kandungan kimia yang ada didalamnya dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh lokasi tumbuhnya. Dilaporkan bahwa perbedaan jenis tanah, suhu, pH, kelembaban, curah hujan, dan ketinggian dari lokasi tempat tumbuhnya rimpang temulawak berpengaruh terhadap profil metabolit dan aktivitas farmakologisnya. Di dalam penelitian ini dilakukan kajian pustaka tentang pengaruh perbedaan lokasi tumbuh rimpang temulawak terhadap aktivitas antibakterinya. Informasi rimpang temulawak yang akan dilaporkan dalam hal ini meliputi distribusi geografis dan senyawa aktif terhadap aktivitas antibakteri dari rimpang temulawak di berbagai daerah. Temulawak dapat tumbuh dengan baik pada jenis tanah latosol, andosol, podsolik dan regosol, pH tanah antara 5,0 – 6,5, curah hujan 1.500 mm/tahun, suhu 19-30oC, dan kelembaban udara 70-90%. Budidaya temulawak dapat dilakukan pada ketinggian tempat antara 100 – 600 mdpl. Temulawak yang tumbuh di dataran tinggi (sekitar 800 mdpl) cenderung memiliki kandungan xanthorrizol yang semakin tinggi, yang mana senyawa ini diketahui mempunyai efek yang kuat sebagai antibakteri. Kata Kunci: Temulawak, Antibakteri, Lokasi Tumbuh, Kandungan Kimia Temulawak (Curcuma zanthorriza Roxb.) is a plant species of Zingiberaceae family which has many pharmacological effects, one of which is antibacterial. As we know, the pharmacological activity of plants is determined by the chemical content of their metabolite and strongly influenced by location of their growth. It was reported that differences of soil type, temperature, pH, humidity, rainfall, and altitude of growth location affect the metabolite profile and pharmacological activity. In this study, a literature review was conducted on the effect of growth location difference of temulawak rhizome on its antibacterial activity. Information of temulawak rhizome which will be reported in this study includes geographic distribution and active compound related to its antimicrobial activity.          Temulawak grow well at latosol, andosol, podsolic and regosol soil types, soil pH in range of 5,0 – 6,5, rainfall 1.500 mm/year, temperature 19-30oC, and air humidity 70-90%. Temulawak cultivation can be performed at an altitude of 100-600 m above sea level. This herb which grows in the high altitude (around 800 above sea level) tends to have higher xanthorrizol content, which is known to have strong antibacterial effect.

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Diterbitkan

2022-10-01

Terbitan

Bagian

Jurnal Pharmascience