Optimasi Pelarut dalam Proses Ekstraksi Daun Teh-Tehan (Acalypha Siamensis) dengan Menggunakan Metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v10i2.15046Keywords:
Optimization, Simplex Lattice Design, Yield, Total Flavonoids, AntioxidantsAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan komposisi pelarut dalam proses ekstraksi daun Acalypha siamensis guna mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal dalam hal rendemen total, kadar flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Daun A. siamensis, yang mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan alkaloid, dievaluasi untuk aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan. Dalam penelitian ini, metanol, aseton, dan akuades digunakan sebagai pelarut. Metode Simplex Lattice Design dengan aplikasi Design Expert 12 Trial Version digunakan untuk menentukan perbandingan komposisi pelarut yang tepat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan pelarut metanol:aseton:akuades (0:0,5:0,5) menghasilkan rendemen ekstrak terbesar, yaitu 24,97%. Pengukuran kadar flavonoid total menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pelarut metanol:aseton:akuades (1:0:0) menghasilkan kadar flavonoid total tertinggi, yaitu 453,27 miligram kuersetin ekivalen per gram ekstrak. Selanjutnya, hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa pelarut metanol:aseton:akuades (0:1:0) menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan paling tinggi, yaitu 81,22 ppm. Analisis menggunakan Simplex Lattice Design menunjukkan bahwa komposisi pelarut yang optimal dalam proses ekstraksi daun A. siamensis adalah metanol:aseton:akuades (0:69,28:30,72). Dalam kondisi ini, diperoleh hasil total flavonoid sebesar 296,64 miligram kuersetin ekivalen per gram ekstrak, rendemen sebesar 20,00%, dan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 91,79 ppm. Kata Kunci: Optimasi, Simplex Lattice Design, Rendemen, Flavonoid Total, Antioksidan The objective of this study was to optimize the solvent composition for the extraction of Acalypha siamensis leaves to achieve maximum yield, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. A. siamensis leaves, which contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, were evaluated for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Methanol, acetone, and water were used as solvents. The Simplex Lattice Design method with Design Expert 12 Trial Version was employed to determine the appropriate solvent ratios. The findings demonstrated that the highest extract yield (24.97%) was obtained using a solvent mixture of methanol:acetone:water (0:0.5:0.5). The measurement of total flavonoid content revealed the highest level (453.27 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram of extract) with a solvent composition of methanol:acetone:water (1:0:0). Moreover, the antioxidant activity test indicated the highest activity (81.22 ppm) when using a solvent composition of methanol:acetone:water (0:1:0). The analysis using Simplex Lattice Design determined the optimal solvent composition for A. siamensis leaf extraction as methanol:acetone:water (0:69.28:30.72), resulting in a total flavonoid content of 296.64 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram of extract, a yield of 20.00%, and an antioxidant activity of 91.79 ppm.References
Arifin, H.A., Hashiguchi, T., Nagahama, K., Hashiguchi, M., Muguerza, M., Sakakibara, Y., Tanaka, H., Akashi, R., (2021). Varietal differences in flavonoid and antioxidant activity in Japanese soybean accessions. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 85, 916–922. https://doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbaa104
Chen, F., Huang, G., Yang, Z., Hou, Y., (2019). Antioxidant activity of Momordica charantia polysaccharide and its derivatives. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 138, 673–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.129
Das, S.K., Khanam, J., Nanda, A., (2016). Optimization of preparation method for ketoprofen-loaded microspheres consisting polymeric blends using simplex lattice mixture design. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 69, 598–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.010
Duangjit, S., Kraisit, P., (2018). Optimization of orodispersible and conventional tablets using simplex lattice design: Relationship among excipients and banana extract. Carbohydr. Polym. 193, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.087
Duangjit, S., Mehr, L.M., Kumpugdee-Vollrath, M., Ngawhirunpat, T., (2014). Role of simplex lattice statistical design in the formulation and optimization of microemulsions for transdermal delivery. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 37, 1948–1957. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b14-00549
Garcia, C., Blesso, C.N., (2021). Antioxidant properties of anthocyanins and their mechanism of action in atherosclerosis. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 172, 152–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.040
Ghosal, M., & Mandal, P. (2012). Phytochemical Screening And Antioxidant Activities Of Two Selected ‘Bihi’ Fruits Used As Vegetables In Darjeeling Himalaya. 4(2).
Hanifa, R. A., Lukman, Y., & Syafnir, L. (2015). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Serta Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Dari Ekstrak Dan Fraksi Daun Paitan (Tithonia Diversifolia (Hamsley) A. Gray). Prosiding Penelitian Spesia Unisba, 164–170. [Unduh 25 Juli 2016]
Ionita, P., (2021). The Chemistry of DPPH· Free Radical and Congeners. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 1545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041545
Isildak, Ö., Yildiz, I., Genc, N., (2022). A new potentiometric PVC membrane sensor for the determination of DPPH radical scavenging activity of plant extracts. Food Chem. 373, 131420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131420
Ismail, M., Owis, A., & Hetta, M. (2017). Total Phenolics And Flavonoids Conten, Antioxidant Activity And Gc / Ms Analyses Of Euphorbia Grandialata. June
La, J., Kim, M.-J., Lee, J., (2021). Evaluation of solvent effects on the DPPH reactivity for determining the antioxidant activity in oil matrix. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 30, 367–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-020-00874-9
Monton, C., Chuanchom, P., Popanit, P., Settharaksa, S., Pathompak, P., (2021). Simplex lattice design for optimization of the mass ratio of Curcuma longa L., Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe and Curcuma aromatica Salisb. to maximize curcuminoids content and antioxidant activity. Acta Pharm. Zagreb Croat. 71, 445–457. https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2021-0025
Monton, C., Wunnakup, T., Suksaeree, J., Charoenchai, L., Chankana, N., (2020). Investigation of the Interaction of Herbal Ingredients Contained in Triphala Recipe Using Simplex Lattice Design: Chemical Analysis Point of View. Int. J. Food Sci. 2020, 5104624. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5104624
Penkov, D., Andonova, V., Delev, D., Kostadinov, I., Kassarova, M., (2018). Antioxidant Activity of Dry Birch (Betula Pendula) Leaves Extract. Folia Med. (Plovdiv) 60, 571–579. https://doi.org/10.2478/folmed-2018-0035
Rohmatika, A. (2019). Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Etanol 70 % Daun Teh-Tehan (Acalypha Siamensis) Terhadap Candida Albicans Antifungal Activity 70 % Ethanol Extract Of Teh-Tehan Leaf (Acalypha Siamensis) To Candida Albicans Arini Rohmatika Supervisior : Oktavina Kartika. Akademia Farmasi Putra Indonesia Malang.
Rodrigues, T., Reker, D., Schneider, P., Schneider, G., (2016). Counting on natural products for drug design. Nat. Chem. 8, 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2479
S, J.K., B, S., E, B.T., Chithiraikannu, R., K, G., (2022). Optimization of extraction parameters and stabilization of anthocyanin from onion peel. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 62, 2560–2567. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1856772
Saethang, T., Somparn, P., Payungporn, S., Sriswasdi, S., Yee, K.T., Hodge, K., Knepper, M.A., Chanhome, L., Khow, O., Chaiyabutr, N., Sitprija, V., Pisitkun, T., (2022). Identification of Daboia siamensis venome using integrated multi-omics data. Sci. Rep. 12, 13140. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17300-1
Singh, I., Saini, V., (2016). Formulation and optimization of floating matrix tablets of clarithromycin using simplex lattice design. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 29, 511–519.
Wirasti. (2019). Penetapan Kadar Fenolik Total, Flavonoid Total, Dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Benalu Petai (Scurrula Atropurpurea Dans.) Beserta Penapisan Fitokimia Wirasti. Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Medicinal Sciences, 4(1), 1–5.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
.jpg)
