Gambaran Karakteristik Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Yang Menggunakan Suplemen Kalsium di Poliklinik Sub Spesialis Ginjal Hipertensi Rawat Jalan RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin

Abstract

Kalsium diberikan kepada pasien gagal ginjal kronik (GGK) stadium akhir untuk menangani kondisi abnormalitas metabolisme mineral dan tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan karakteristik pasien GGK pengguna kalsium. Jenis penelitian deskriptif, pengambilan data secara retrospektif di poliklinik sub spesialis ginjal hipertensi RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Kriteria inklusi subyek penelitian adalah pasien gagal ginjal kronik (stage 1-5) yang menerima kalsium usia ≥17 tahun dan kriteria eksklusi merupakan penderita dengan catatan medik yang kurang sempuran/tidak ditemukan. Sejumlah 313 subyek penelitian diambil data dan dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil dan kesimpulan didapatkan karakteristik berupa usia (tahun) 17-25 (1,92%), 26-35 (7,03%), 36-45 (21,41%), 46-55 (37,38%), 56-65 (25,24%) dan >65 tahun (7,03%); jenis kelamin laki-laki (51,76%), perempuan (48,24%); penyakit utama gagal ginjal kronik stage 5 (100%); penyakit penyerta hipertensi (44,40%), hipertensi + 1 penyakit penyerta (30,99%), hipertensi + 2 penyakit penyerta (15,01%), hipertensi + 3 penyakit penyerta (2,88%), hipertensi + 4 penyakit penyerta (0,32%), diabetes melitus (1,60%), anemia, dispepsia, hiperurisemia, CVA dan BPH (0,32%), tanpa penyakit penyerta (2,88%) lama menjalani pengobatan <5 tahun (92,01%) dan ≥ 5 tahun (7,99%); kalsium yang digunakan kalsium karbonat (99,68%) dan kombinasi kalsium karbonat dan kalsium laktat (0,32%); frekuensi penggunaan kalsium 3 x 1 (99,36%), 2 x 1 (0,32%) dan 3 x 2 (0,32%); lama pemberian 7 hari (2,24%), 10 hari (1,28%), 15 hari (0,32%) dan 30 hari (96,17%), dengan efek samping (5,75%) dan tanpa efek samping (94,25%); obat lain yang digunakan oleh pasien gagal ginjal kronik yakni obat kelompok antihipertensi (ARB, CCB, diuretik, BB), antidiabetika, antihiperlipidemia, antiplatelet, antiangina, analgetik-antipiretik, kortikosteroid, obat sistem saluran pernafasan, sistem saluran cerna, sistem endokrin, sistem saluran saraf pusat, gangguan darah, antihistamin, anti-pirai, antibiotika serta vitamin dan mineral. Kata Kunci: Suplemen, Kalsium, Gagal Ginjal Kronik, Hipertensi, Cuci Darah  CCalcium is administered to patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease to deal with conditions of mineral and bone metabolism abnormalities. This research aims to describe the characteristics of patients with chronic kidney disease who consumed calcium. This is a descriptive research type, the data retrieval  retrospectively from kidney hypertension sub specialist polyclinic at Ulin Banjarmasin Regional Public Hospital. The inclusion criteria of research subjects are patients with chronic kidney disease (stage1-5) who consumed calcium at the age ≥ 17 years old and the exclusion criteria of research subjects are patients with incomplete / not found medical record. The data of 313 research subjects is taken and analyzed descriptively. The result and conclusion is that the characteristic in the form of age 17-25  (years old)  (1.92%), 26-35 (7.03%), 36-45 (21.41%), 46-55 (37.38%), 56-65 (25.24%) and > 65 (7.03%) years old; male gender (51.76%), female (48.24%); the main cause of stage 5 chronic kidney disease (100%); comorbidities of hypertension (44.40%), hypertension+1comorbidities, hypertension+2comorbidities (15.01%), hypertension+3comorbidities (2.88%), hypertension+4comorbidities (0.32%), diabetes melitus (1.60%), anemia, dispepsia, hiperurisemia (0.32%), without commorbidities (2.88%); long suffered < years (92.01%) and ≥ 5 years (7.99%); the calcium used is calcium carbonate (99.68%) and combination of calcium carbonate and calcium lactate (0.32%); frequency of calcium consumption 3 x 1 (99.36%), 2 x 1 (0.32%), and 3 x 2 (0.32%); administration time of 7 days (2.24%), 10 days (1.28%), 15 days (0.32%) and 30 days (96.17%), with side effects (5.75%) and without side effects (94.25%); the accompanying drugs used antihypertensive (ARB, CCB, diuretic, BB), antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemia, antiplatelet, antiangina, analgesic-antipyretic, corticosteroid, respiratory system drugs, digestive system, endocrine system, respiratory system drugs, blood disorders, antihistamine, anti-pirai, antibiotic, vitamin and mineral.