Cytotoxicity and Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Dichloromethane Fraction of Nauclea subdita Stem Bark on HepG2 Liver Cancer Cell Modeling
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v12i2.22330Keywords:
Cytotoxicity, Nauclea subdita, HepG2, Apoptosis, Cell CycleAbstract
Kanker hati merupakan salah satu jenis kanker dengan angka kejadian dan kematian yang tinggi di dunia, sehingga penemuan antikanker baru yang aman dan efektif menjadi sangat penting. Nauclea subdita, yang dikenal sebagai bengkal telah digunakan secara tradisional oleh masyarakat Kalimantan untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan bengkal berpotensi sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sitotoksisitas, induksi apoptosis, dan penghambatan siklus sel dari fraksi kulit batang dan daun bengkal (Nauclea subdita) terhadap sel kanker hati HepG2. Uji sitotoksisitas dilakukan menggunakan metode MTT, induksi apoptosis dianalisis menggunakan Annexin V-FITC/PI dengan flow cytometry, dan penghambatan siklus sel menggunakan pewarna RNase/PI kit juga dengan flow cytometry. Hasil uji sitotoksisitas menunjukkan bahwa fraksi DCM pH 3 kulit batang N. subdita memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik paling tinggi dibandingkan fraksi lainnya, dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 182,49 ±22,99µg/mL dengan indeks selektivitas 0,80 ± 22,9. Fraksi DCM pH 3 tidak menyebabkan penghambatan siklus sel, namun pada konsentrasi IC50 mampu menginduksi apoptosis pada sel HepG2 dengan persentase apoptosis total sebesar 51,5%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kulit batang bengkal berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber antikanker baru.  Kata Kunci: Sitotoksisitas, Nauclea subdita, HepG2, Apoptosis, Siklus Sel  ABSTRACT Liver cancer is one of the cancer types with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide, making the discovery of new, safe, and effective anticancer agents critically important. Nauclea subdita, known as bengkal, has been traditionally used by the people of Kalimantan to treat various diseases. Previous studies have indicated that bengkal possesses anticancer potential. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle inhibition of stem bark and leaf fractions of Nauclea subdita against HepG2 liver cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay, apoptosis induction was analyzed with Annexin V-FITC/PI via flow cytometry, and cell cycle inhibition was evaluated using the RNase/PI kit, also by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity test results showed that the DCM pH 3 fraction of N. subdita stem bark exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity compared to other fractions, with an IC50 value of 182.49 ±22.99 µg/mL and a selectivity index of 0.80 ± 22.9. The DCM pH 3 fraction did not cause cell cycle arrest, but at the IC50 concentration, it was able to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells with a total apoptosis percentage of 51.5%. These findings suggest that bengkal stem bark has potential to be developed as a novel source of anticancer agents.References
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