Isolasi Fungi Tanah Muara Sungai Desa Kalinaun Sulawesi Utara serta Skrining Antibakteri terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v10i1.13825Keywords:
Antibacterial, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Estuary Soil Fungi, Microdilution, Kalinaun VillageAbstract
Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menyebabkan mortalitas dan morbiditas di dunia yang dapat diterapi menggunakan antibotik. Adanya resistensi dapat mengancam efektivitas antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari kandidat antibiotik yang bersumber dari fungi tanah muara yang diuji aktivitasnya terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ekosistem tanah muara mangrove memiliki kondisi ekstrem sehingga menuntut mikroorganisme untuk bertahan hidup dengan memproduksi senyawa antibiotik untuk bersaing dengan mikroorganisme lain. Sampel tanah diambil dari Muara Sungai Desa Kalinaun, Kecamatan Likupang Timur, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Sampel tanah yang didapat sebanyak empat isolat fungi berpotensi dalam menghambat bakteri uji, yaitu IS2-BTG11-1-1, IS2-BTG11-2-1, IS2-BTG11-2-2, IS2-BTG11-2-3. Keempat isolat tersebut dilakukan fermentasi selama 14 hari lalu diekstraksi dengan pelarut etil asetat. Setelah didapatkan ekstrak etil asetat, dilakukan skrining fitokimia dan didapatkan hasil bahwa keempat ekstrak mengandung senyawa golongan terpenoid. Setelah dilakukan skrining fitokimia, dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode mikrodilusi. Uji mikrodilusi dilakukan dengan konsentrasi tunggal 50 µg/mL. Berdasarkan uji mikrodilusi, keempat ekstrak fungi tanah muara memberikan aktivitas penghambatan berturut-turut dari terbesar ke terkecil : IS2-BTG11-2-3 (50,9% ± 7,6); IS2-BTG11-2-1 (49,8% ± 13,5); IS2-BTG11-1-1 (34,4% ± 2,4); IS2-BTG11-2-2 (37,2% ± 7,7). Pada penelitian ini senyawa yang berperan sebagai antibakteri belum bisa dipastikan, sehingga membutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut. Kata Kunci: Antibakteri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Fungi Tanah Muara, Mikrodilusi, Desa Kalinaun  Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world that can be treated with antibiotics. The existence of resistance can threaten the effectiveness of antibiotics. This study aims to find new antibiotic candidates from fungi in estuary soils and tested the activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Estuary soil ecosystems have extreme conditions that require microorganisms to be able to survive Soil samples were taken from the Estuary of the Kalinaun Village, East Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. Soil samples obtained were 4 isolates of fungi that had the potential bacteria inhibition, namely IS2-BTG11-1-1, IS2-BTG11-2-1, IS2-BTG11-2-2, IS2-BTG11-2-3. Four isolates were fermented for 14 days and extracted with ethyl acetate solvent. Phytochemical screening of the extract was carried out and the results showed that the four extracts contained terpenoid compounds. Antibacterial activity was tested using the microdilution methods with a single concentration of 50 µg/mL. Based on the microdilution test, four estuary soil fungal extracts gave inhibitory activity from the largest to the smallest: IS2-BTG11-2-3 (50.9% ± 7.6); IS2-BTG11-2-1 (49.8% ± 13.5); IS2-BTG11-1-1 (34.4% ± 2.4); IS2-BTG11-2-2 (37.2% ± 7.7). In this study, the compound that acts as an antibacterial has not been determined, so it requires further research.References
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