Standarisasi dan Aktivitas Tabir Surya Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Abstract

Senyawa kimia dalam tanaman tidak dapat dijamin selalu konstan dan aman, sehingga diperlukan standarisasi, selain itu senyawa flavonoid dan fenolik diduga berpotensi sebagai tabir surya melindungi kulit dari radiasi sinar UV. Penelitian ini bertujuan menetapkan standarisasi dan aktivitas tabir surya ekstrak etanol daun kakao. Daun kakao diekstraksi menggunakan Microwave Assisted Extraction dengan etanol 70%. Hasil ekstrak diuji parameter spesifik meliputi identitas, organoleptik, kadar senyawa larut air dan etanol, skrining fitokimia, kadar flavonoid dan fenolik total, serta diuji parameter non spesifik meliputi susut pengeringan, kadar air, kadar abu total dan abu tak larut asam serta cemaran logam. Hasil dianalisis deskriptif dibandingkan dengan standar. Aktivitas tabir surya diuji dengan spektrofotometri λ 290-320 nm, nilai SPF dihitung dengan persamaan Mansur. Hasil organoleptic ekstrak kental berwarna coklat, rasa pahit, berbau coklat mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, fenolik serta memiliki kadar flavonoid total 9,777±0,170 mgRE/gr ekstrak, fenolik total 45,321±1,220 mgGAE/gr ekstrak dan memenuhi parameter spesifik dan non spesifik meliputi senyawa larut air 21,024±0,574%, larut etanol 18,316±1,593%, susut pengeringan 15,08±0,148%, kadar air 17,16±0,261%, kadar abu total 2,342±0,015%, abu tak larut asam 0,789±0,036%, logam Pb <0,622 mg/kg, Cd <0,022 mg/kg, As 0,025 mg/kg serta memiliki nilai SPF konsentrasi 700 µg/mL sebesar 17,95±0,084 yang termasuk dalam kategori proteksi ultra. Kata Kunci: Parameter Spesifik, Parameter Non Spesifik, SPF Chemical compounds in plants cannot be guaranteed to always be constant and safe, so standardization is needed, besides flavonoid and phenolic compounds are suspected to have the potential as sunscreens to protect the skin from UV radiation. This study aims to establish the standardization and activity of cocoa leaf ethanol extract sunscreens. Cocoa leaves are extracted using Microwave Assisted Extraction with 70% ethanol. The results of the extract were tested for specific parameters including identity, organoleptic, levels of water soluble compounds and ethanol, phytochemical screening, total flavonoid and phenolic levels, as well as tested nonspecific parameters including drying shrinkage, moisture content, total ash content and acid insoluble ash and metal spruce. The results were analyzed descriptively compared to the standard. The activity of the sunscreen is tested with a spectrophototometry of λ 290-320 nm, the SPF value is calculated by the Mansur equation. Organoleptic results of brown thick extract, bitter taste, smelling of chocolate contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics and has a total flavonoid content of 9,777±0.170 mgRE/gr extract, phenolics total 45,321±1,220 mgGAE/gr extract and meet specific and non-specific parameters including water soluble compounds 21,024±0.574%, ethanol soluble 18,316±1,593%, drying shrink 15.08±0.148%, water content 17.16±0.261%, total ash content 2,342±0.015%, acid insoluble ash 0.789±0.036%, Pb metal <0.622 mg/kg, Cd <0.022 mg/kg, As 0.025 mg/kg and has a concentration value of 700 μg/mL of 17.95±0.084 which belongs to the category of ultra protection.